Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Historical Perspective
Minimally invasive spine surgery has gained considerable momentum and increased acceptance among spine surgeons throughout the years. An understanding and awareness of the development of minimally invasive spine surgery and its role in the operative treatment of various spine conditions is imperative. This article provides a succinct historical perspective of the development of spine surgery from the more traditional, open procedures to the use of more “minimal access” or minimally invasive spine surgery procedures.
aGraduate Division, Harvard University, 51 Brattle Street, Cambridge, MA 12138-3722, USA
bDepartment of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0815, Japan
cDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
dMichigan Head and Spine Institute, Providence Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
eDepartment of Orthopaedics, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
fRothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Corresponding author. 5600 North St. Louis, Chicago, IL 60659.
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