Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 54, ISSUE 1, P59-74, January 2023

Benign Bone Lesions Found in Childhood

Published:October 23, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2022.08.001

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Orthopedic Clinics
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Bergovec M.
        • Kubat O.
        • Smerdelj M.
        • et al.
        Epidemiology of musculoskeletal tumors in a national referral orthopedic department. A study of 3482 cases.
        Cancer Epidemiol. 2015; 39: 298-302
        • CAFFEY J.
        On fibrous defects in cortical walls of growing tubular bones: their radiologic appearance, structure, prevalence, natural course, and diagnostic significance.
        Adv Pediatr. 1955; 7: 13-51
        • Lodwick G.S.
        • Wilson A.J.
        • Farrell C.
        • et al.
        Determining growth rates of focal lesions of bone from radiographs.
        Radiology. 1980; 134: 577-583
        • Enneking W.F.
        • Spanier S.S.
        • Goodman M.A.
        A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma.
        Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980; : 106-120
        • Ardran G.M.
        Bone Destruction not Demonstrable by Radiography.
        Br J Radiol. 1951; 24: 107-109
        • Scarborough M.T.
        • Moreau G.
        Benign cartilage tumors.
        Orthop Clin North Am. 1996; 27: 583-589
        • Tong K.
        • Liu H.
        • Wang X.
        • et al.
        Osteochondroma: Review of 431 patients from one medical institution in South China.
        J Bone Oncol. 2017; 8: 23-29
        • Tepelenis K.
        • Papathanakos G.
        • Kitsouli A.
        • et al.
        Osteochondromas: An updated review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiological features and treatment options.
        Vivo (Brooklyn). 2021; 35: 681-691
        • Frassica F.J.
        • Frassica D.A.
        Metastatic bone disease of the humerus.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003; 11: 282-288
        • Lee E.H.
        • Shafi M.
        • Hui J.H.P.
        Osteoid osteoma: a current review.
        J Pediatr Orthop. 2006; 26: 695-700
        • Tepelenis K.
        • Skandalakis G.P.
        • Papathanakos G.
        • et al.
        Osteoid osteoma: an updated review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiological features, and treatment option.
        Vivo (Brooklyn). 2021; 35: 1929-1938
        • Aboulafia A.J.
        • Kennon R.E.
        • Jelinek J.S.
        Begnign bone tumors of childhood.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999; 7: 377-388
        • Atesok K.I.
        • Alman B.A.
        • Schemitsch E.H.
        • et al.
        Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011; 19: 678-689
        • De Souza Diaz L.
        • Frost H.M.
        Osteoid osteoma--osteoblastoma.
        Cancer. 1974; 33: 1075-1081
        • Murphey M.D.
        • Choi J.J.
        • Kransdorf M.J.
        • et al.
        Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation.
        Radiographics. 2000; 20: 1407-1434
        • Kitsoulis P.
        • Galani V.
        • Stefanaki K.
        • et al.
        Osteochondromas: review of the clinical, radiological and pathological features.
        Vivo (Brooklyn). 2008; 22: 633-646
        • Woertler K.
        • Lindner N.
        • Gosheger G.
        • et al.
        Osteochondroma: MR imaging of tumor-related complications.
        Eur Radiol. 2000; 10: 832-840
        • Chai J.W.
        • Hong S.H.
        • Choi J.Y.
        • et al.
        Radiologic diagnosis of osteoid osteoma: From simple to challenging findings.
        Radiographics. 2010; 30: 737-749
        • Jordan R.W.
        • Koç T.
        • Chapman A.W.P.
        • et al.
        Osteoid osteoma of the foot and ankle-A systematic review.
        Foot Ankle Surg. 2015; 21: 228-234
        • Day F.N.
        • Ruggieri C.
        • Britton C.
        Recurrent osteochondroma.
        J Foot Ankle Surg. 1998; 37: 162-164
        • Lindquester W.S.
        • Crowley J.
        • Hawkins C.M.
        Percutaneous thermal ablation for treatment of osteoid osteoma: a systematic review and analysis.
        Skeletal Radiol. 2020; 49: 1403-1411
        • Berry M.
        • Mankin H.
        • Gebhardt M.
        • et al.
        Osteoblastoma: a 30-year study of 99 cases.
        J Surg Oncol. 2008; 98: 179-183
        • Dahlin D.C.
        • Ivins J.C.
        Benign chondroblastoma. A study of 125 cases.
        Cancer. 1972; 30: 401-413
        • Wang J.
        • Du Z.
        • Yang R.
        • et al.
        Analysis for clinical feature and outcome of chondroblastoma after surgical treatment: a single center experience of 92 cases.
        J Orthop Sci. 2022; 27: 235-241
        • Schajowicz F.
        • Gallardo H.
        Epiphysial chondroblastoma of bone. A clinico-pathological study of sixty-nine cases.
        J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1970; 52: 205-226
        • Fink B.R.
        • Temple H.T.
        • Chiricosta F.M.
        • et al.
        Chondroblastoma of the foot.
        Foot Ankle Int. 1997; 18: 236-242
        • Rahimi A.
        • Beabout J.W.
        • Ivins J.C.
        • et al.
        Chondromyxoid fibroma: a clinicopathologic study of 76 cases.
        Cancer. 1972; 30: 726-736
        • Wu C.T.
        • Inwards C.Y.
        • O’Laughlin S.
        • et al.
        Chondromyxoid fibroma of bone: a clinicopathologic review of 278 cases.
        Hum Pathol. 1998; 29: 438-446
        • Hakim D.N.
        • Pelly T.
        • Kulendran M.
        • et al.
        Benign tumours of the bone: a review.
        J Bone Oncol. 2015; 4: 37-41
        • Marco R.A.
        • Gitelis S.
        • Brebach G.T.
        • et al.
        Cartilage tumors: evaluation and treatment.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000; 8: 292-304
        • Maheshwari A.V.
        • Jelinek J.S.
        • Song A.J.
        • et al.
        Metaphyseal and diaphyseal chondroblastomas.
        Skeletal Radiol. 2011; 40: 1563-1573
        • De Mattos C.B.R.
        • Angsanuntsukh C.
        • Arkader A.
        • et al.
        Chondroblastoma and chondromyxoid fibroma.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013; 21: 225-233
        • Weatherall P.T.
        • Maale G.E.
        • Mendelsohn D.B.
        • et al.
        Chondroblastoma: classic and confusing appearance at MR imaging.
        Radiology. 1994; 190: 467-474
        • Yamaguchi T.
        • Dorfman H.D.
        Radiographic and histologic patterns of calcification in chondromyxoid fibroma.
        Skeletal Radiol. 1998; 27: 559-564
        • Murphey M.D.
        • Flemming D.J.
        • Boyea S.R.
        • et al.
        From the archives of the AFIP. Enchondroma versus chondrosarcoma in the appendicular skeleton: differentiating features.
        Radiographics. 1998; 18: 1213-1237
        • Lin P.P.
        • Thenappan A.
        • Deavers M.T.
        • et al.
        Treatment and prognosis of chondroblastoma.
        Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005; 438: 103-109
        • Sailhan F.
        • Chotel F.
        • Parot R.
        Chondroblastoma of bone in a pediatric population.
        J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 2009; 91: 2159-2168
        • Lehner B.
        • Witte D.
        • Weiss S.
        Clinical and radiological long-term results after operative treatment of chondroblastoma.
        Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2011; 131: 45-52
        • Lersundi A.
        • Mankin H.J.
        • Mourikis A.
        • et al.
        Chondromyxoid fibroma: a rarely encountered and puzzling tumor.
        Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005; 439: 171-175
        • Andreacchio A.
        • Alberghina F.
        • Testa G.
        • et al.
        Surgical treatment for symptomatic non-ossifying fibromas of the lower extremity with calcium sulfate grafts in skeletally immature patients.
        Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018; 28: 291-297
        • Mankin H.J.
        • Trahan C.A.
        • Fondren G.
        • et al.
        Non-ossifying fibroma, fibrous cortical defect and Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome: a biologic and clinical review.
        Chir Organi Mov. 2009; 93: 1-7
        • Arata M.A.
        • Peterson H.A.
        • Dahlin D.C.
        Pathological fractures through non-ossifying fibromas.
        J Bone Jt Surg. 1981; 63-A: 980-988
        • Vanel D.
        • Ruggieri P.
        • Ferrari S.
        • et al.
        The incidental skeletal lesion: ignore or explore?.
        Cancer Imaging. 2009; 9: 38-43
        • DiCaprio M.R.
        • Enneking W.F.
        Fibrous dysplasia: pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment.
        J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 2005; 87: 1848-1864
        • Biermann J.S.
        Common benign lesions of bone in children and adolescents.
        J Pediatr Orthop. 2002; 22: 268-273
        • Riddle N.D.
        • Bui M.M.
        Fibrous dysplasia histopathology.
        Resid Short Rev. 2013; 137: 134-138
        • McCarthy E.F.
        Fibro-osseous lesions of the maxillofacial bones.
        Head Neck Pathol. 2013; 7: 5-10
        • Wodajo F.M.
        Top five lesions that do not need referral to orthopedic oncology.
        Orthop Clin North Am. 2015; 46: 303-314
        • Betsy M.
        • Kupersmith L.M.
        Springfield DS. Metaphyseal fibrous defects.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1957; 12: 89-95
        • Fitzpatrick K.A.
        • Taljanovic M.S.
        • Speer D.P.
        • et al.
        Imaging findings of fibrous dysplasia with histopathologic and intraoperative correlation.
        Am J Roentgenol. 2004; 182: 1389-1398
        • Shah Z.K.
        • Peh W.C.G.
        • Koh W.L.
        • et al.
        Magnetic resonance imaging appearances of fibrous dysplasia.
        Br J Radiol. 2005; 78: 1104-1115
        • Nakashima Y.
        • Kotoura Y.
        • Nagashima T.
        • et al.
        Monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the femoral neck. A clinicopathologic study.
        Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984; 191: 242-248
        • Chapurlat R.D.
        • Gensburger D.
        • Jimenez-Andrade J.M.
        • et al.
        Pathophysiology and medical treatment of pain in fibrous dysplasia of bone.
        Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012; 7: S3
        • Stanton R.P.
        Surgery for fibrous dysplasia.
        J Bone Miner Res. 2007; 22: 105-109
        • Wilkins R.M.
        Unicameral bone cysts.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000; 8: 217-224
        • Campanacci M.
        • Capanna R.
        • Picci P.
        Unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts.
        Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986; 204: 25-36
        • Rosenblatt J.
        • Koder A.
        Understanding unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts.
        Pediatr Rev. 2019; 40: 51-59
        • Rapp T.B.
        • Ward J.P.
        • Alaia M.J.
        Aneurysmal bone cyst.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012; 20: 233-241
        • Cottalorda J.
        • Kohler R.
        • Sales De Gauzy J.
        • et al.
        Epidemiology of aneurysmal bone cyst in children: A multicenter study and literature review.
        J Pediatr Orthop B. 2004; 13: 389-394
        • Cottalorda J.
        • Sabah D.L.
        • Monrigal P.J.
        • et al.
        Minimally invasive treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts: systematic literature review.
        Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2022; : 103272
        • Noordin S.
        • Allana S.
        • Umer M.
        • et al.
        Unicameral bone cysts: current concepts.
        Ann Med Surg. 2018; 34: 43-49
        • Ovadia D.
        • Ezra E.
        • Segev E.
        • et al.
        Epiphyseal involvement of simple bone cysts.
        J Pediatr Orthop. 2003; 23: 222-229
        • Haidar S.G.
        • Culliford D.J.
        • Gent E.D.
        • et al.
        Distance from the growth plate and Its relation to the outcome of unicameral bone cyst treatment.
        J Child Orthop. 2011; 5: 151-156
        • Pretell-Mazzini J.
        • Murphy R.F.
        • Kushare I.
        • et al.
        Unicameral bone cysts: general characteristics and management controversies.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014; 22: 295-303
        • Kaelin A.J.
        • MacEwen G.D.
        Unicameral bone cysts. Natural history and the risk of fracture.
        Int Orthop. 1989; 13: 275-282
        • Ahn J.I.
        • Park J.S.
        Pathological fractures secondary to unicameral bone cysts.
        Int Orthop. 1994; 18: 20-22
        • Deventer N.
        • Deventer N.
        • Gosheger G.
        • et al.
        Current strategies for the treatment of solitary and aneurysmal bone cysts: A review of the literature.
        J Bone Oncol. 2021; 30: 100384
        • Capanna R.
        • Bertoni F.
        • Bettelli G.
        • et al.
        Aneurysmal bone cysts of the pelvis.
        Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1986; 105: 279-284
        • Oppenheim W.L.
        • Galleno H.
        Operative treatment versus steroid injection in the management of unicameral bone cysts.
        J Pediatr Orthop. 1984; 4: 1-7
        • Sung A.D.
        • Anderson M.E.
        • Zurakowski D.
        • et al.
        Unicameral bone cyst: a retrospective study of three surgical treatments.
        Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008; 466: 2519-2526
        • Canavese F.
        • Wright J.G.
        • Cole W.G.
        • et al.
        Unicameral bone cysts: comparison of percutaneous curettage, steroid, and autologous bone marrow injections.
        J Pediatr Orthop. 2007; 31: 50-55
        • Masquijo J.J.
        • Baroni E.
        • Miscione H.
        Continuous decompression with intramedullary nailing for the treatment of unicameral bone cysts.
        J Child Orthop. 2008; 2: 279-283
        • Hou H.Y.
        • Wu K.
        • Wang C.T.
        • et al.
        Treatment of unicameral bone cyst: a comparative study of selected techniques.
        J Bone Jt Surg - Ser A. 2010; 92: 855-862
        • Grahneis F.
        • Klein A.
        • Baur-Melnyk A.
        • et al.
        Aneurysmal bone cyst: a review of 65 patients.
        J Bone Oncol. 2019; 18: 1-6
        • Gibbs C.P.
        • Hefele M.C.
        • Peabody T.D.
        • et al.
        Aneurysmal bone cyst of the extremities. Factors related to local recurrence after curettage with a high-speed burr.
        J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999; 81: 1671-1678
        • Schreuder H.W.
        • Veth R.P.
        • Pruszczynski M.
        • et al.
        Aneurysmal bone cysts treated by curettage, cryotherapy and bone grafting.
        J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997; 79: 20-25
        • Rastogi S.
        • Varshney M.K.
        • Trikha V.
        • et al.
        Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts with percutaneous sclerotherapy using polidocanol.
        J Bone Jt Surg - Ser B. 2006; 88: 1212-1216
        • DiCaprio M.R.
        • Roberts T.T.
        Diagnosis and management of langerhans cell histiocytosis.
        J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014; 22: 643-652
        • Leung A.K.C.
        • Lam J.M.
        • Leong K.F.
        Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a disease with many faces.
        World J Pediatr. 2019; 15: 536-545
        • Stull M.A.
        • Kransdorf M.J.
        • Devaney K.O.
        Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone.
        RadioGraphics. 1992; 12: 801-823
        • Hashmi M.A.
        • Haque N.
        • Chatterjee A.
        • et al.
        Langerhans cell histiocytosis of long bones: MR imaging and complete follow up study.
        J Cancer Res Ther. 2012; 8: 286-288
        • Moon T.
        • Lee J.
        • Lee I.
        • et al.
        MRI and histopathologic classification of langerhans cell histiocytosis.
        Curr Med Imaging Rev. 2009; 5: 14-18
        • Ghanem I.
        • Tolo V.T.
        • D’Ambra P.
        • et al.
        Langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone in children and adolescents.
        J Pediatr Orthop. 2003; 23: 124-130
        • Baptista A.M.
        • Camargo A.F.F.
        • De Camargo O.P.
        • et al.
        Does adjunctive chemotherapy reduce remission rates compared to cortisone alone in unifocal or multifocal histiocytosis of bone?.
        Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012; 470: 663-669